to natural food

săgīna, ae, f. [kindr. with sattô, to stuff full, to cram; v. sagmen], a stuffing, cramming, fattening, feeding, feasting.

Lit.

In abstr. (class.):

anserum,

Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 1; Col. 6, 27, 9; 8, 14, 11:

gallinarum,

Plin. 10, 50, 71, § 140:

cochlearum,

id. 9, 56, 82, § 174: vaccarum. Vulg. Ecclus. 38, 27:

dies noctesque estur, Bibitur, neque quisquam parsimoniam adhibet: sagina plane est,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 79:

in saginam se conicere,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 96: qui multitudinem illam non auctoritate sed sagina tenebat, * Cic. Fl. 7, 17; cf. Tac. H. 2, 71.—

In concr.

Food, nourishment (postAug.).

Lit.:

gladiatoria sagina,

Tac. H. 2, 88; cf.

, of gladiators' food,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 25:

temulentus et sagina gravis,

Tac. H. 1, 62:

stomachum laxare saginae,

Juv. 4, 67:

sagina viva,

i. e. small fish with which larger ones were fed, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7; cf. Plin. 9, 6, 5, § 14:

ad saginam idonea,

Col. 8, 9, 4:

ferarum,

Suet. Calig. 27:

minuere saginam,

Nemes. Cyn. 166:

ad saginam pristinam revocare,

to natural food, Veg. 2, 45, 3:

bestiarum,

App. M. p. 148, 27.—

Transf.:

herbae viridis coma dulciore saginā roris aut fluminis,

rich nourishment, Pall. 7, 3 Mai:

quemadmodum forensibus certaminibus exercitatos et quasi militantes reficit ac reparat haec velut sagina dicendi,

nourishment of oratory, Quint. 10, 5, 17.—

A fatted animal:

este, effercite vos, saginam caedite,

kill the fatted beast, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 62.—

Meton., fatness produced by much eating, corpulence (postAug.):

saginam corporis ex nimiā luxuriā contraxit,

Just. 21, 2, 1:

sagina ventris non homini sed beluae similis,

id. 38, 8, 9:

qui colorem fuco et verum robur inani saginā mentiuntur,

Quint. 2, 15, 25:

nimio tendis mole saginam,

Aus. Ephem. 1, 8:

ursam quae ceteris saginā corporis praevalebat,

App. M. 4, p. 149, 7.

mātĕrĭa, ae ( gen. materiāi, Lucr. 1, 1051), and mātĕrĭes, ēi (only in nom. and acc. sing., and once gen. plur. materierum, Lact. 2, 12, 1; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 383), f. [from same root with mater, q. v.], stuff, matter, materials of which any thing is composed; so the wood of a tree, vine, etc., timber for building (opp. lignum, wood for fuel); nutritive matter or substance for food (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

materia rerum, ex qua et in qua sunt omnia,

Cic. N. D. 3, 39, 92; cf. id. Ac. 1, 6, 7:

materiam superabat opus,

Ov. M. 2, 5:

materiae apparatio,

Vitr. 2, 8, 7:

rudis,

i. e. chaos, Luc. 2, 8; cf.: omnis fere materia nondum formata rudis appellatur, Cinc. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 265 Müll.:

(arbor) inter corticem et materiem,

Col. 5, 11, 4:

crispa,

Plin. 16, 28, 51, § 119:

materiae longitudo,

Col. 4, 24, 3:

vitis in materiam, frondemque effunditur,

id. 4, 21, 2:

si nihil valet materies,

Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88:

in eam insulam materiam, calcem, caementa, atque arma convexit,

id. Mil. 27, 74:

caesa,

Col. 11, 2, 11; cf. Caes. B. G. 4, 17; 5, 39:

cornus non potest videri materies propter exilitatem, sed lignum,

Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 206:

materiae, lignorum aggestus,

Tac. A. 1, 35:

videndum est ut materies suppetat scutariis,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 35:

proba materies est, si probum adhibes fabrum,

id. Poen. 4, 2, 93: imprimebatur sculptura materiae anuli, sive ex ferro sive ex auro foret, Macr. S. 7, 13, 11. — Plur.:

deūm imagines mortalibus materiis in species hominum effingere,

Tac. H. 5, 5.—Of food:

imbecillissimam materiam esse omnem caulem oleris,

Cels. 2, 18, 39 sqq.; cf. of the means of subsistence:

consumere omnem materiam,

Ov. M. 8, 876; matter, in gen.:

materies aliqua mala erat,

Aug. Conf. 7, 5, 2.—In abstract, matter, the material universe:

Deus ex materia ortus est, aut materia ex Deo,

Lact. 2, 8.—

Esp., matter of suppuration, pus, Cels. 3, 27, 4.—

Transf., a stock, race, breed:

quod ex vetere materia nascitur, plerumque congeneratum parentis senium refert,

Col. 7, 3, 15:

generosa (equorum),

id. 6, 27 init. —

Trop.

The matter, subjectmatter, subject, topic, ground, theme of any exertion of the mental powers, as of an art or science, an oration, etc.: materiam artis eam dicimus in qua omnis ars et facultas, quae conficitur ex arte, versatur. Ut si medicinae materiam dicamus morbos ac vulnera, quod in his omnis medicina versetur;

item quibus in rebus versatur ars et facultas oratoria, eas res materiam artis rhetoricae nominamus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 17:

quasi materia, quam tractet, et in qua versetur, subjecta est veritas,

id. Off. 1, 5, 16:

est enim deformitatis et corporis vitiorum satis bella materies ad jocandum,

id. de Or. 2, 59, 239; 1, 11, 49; id. Rosc. Com. 32, 89; id. Div. 2, 4, 12:

sermonum,

id. Q. Fr 1, 2, 1: materies crescit mihi, my matter (for writing about) increases, id. Att. 2, 12, 3: rei. id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

aequa viribus,

a subject suited to your powers, Hor. A. P. 38:

infames,

Gell. 17, 12, 1:

extra materiam juris,

the province, Gai. Inst. 2, 191.—

A cause, occasion, source, opportunity (cf. mater, II.):

quid enim odisset Clodium Milo segetem ac materiam suae gloriae?

Cic. Mil. 13, 35 (for which shortly before:

fons perennis gloriae suae): materies ingentis decoris,

Liv. 1, 39, 3:

non praebiturum se illi eo die materiam,

id. 3, 46, 3:

major orationis,

id. 35, 12, 10:

criminandi,

id. 3, 31, 4:

omnium malorum,

Sall. C. 10:

materiam invidiae dare,

Cic. Phil. 11, 9, 21:

materiam bonitati dare,

id. de Or. 2, 84, 342:

scelerum,

Just. 3, 2, 12:

seditionis,

id. 11, 5, 3:

laudis,

Luc. 8, 16:

benefaciendi,

Plin. Pan. 38:

ne quid materiae praeberet Neroni,

occasion of jealousy, Suet. Galb. 9:

epistolae, quae materiam sermonibus praebuere,

Tac. H. 4, 4:

praebere materiam causasque jocorum,

Juv. 3, 147:

materiamque sibi ducis indulgentia quaerit,

id. 7, 21.—

Natural abilities, talents, genius, disposition:

fac, fuisse in isto C. Laelii, M. Catonis materiem atque indolem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 68, § 160:

in animis humanis,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 2:

materiam ingentis publice privatimade decoris omni indulgentia nostra nutriamus,

Liv. 1, 39, 3:

ad cupiditatem,

id. 1, 46; Quint. 2, 4, 7.—Hence, one's nature, natural character:

non sum materia digna perire tua,

thy unfeeling disposition, Ov. H. 4, 86.—

A subject, argument, course of thought, topic (post-Aug.):

tertium diem esse, quod omni labore materiae ad scribendum destinatae non inveniret exordium,

Quint. 10, 3, 14:

argumentum plura significat... omnem ad scribendum destinatam materiam ita appellari,

id. 5, 10, 9:

video non futurum finem in ista materia ullum, nisi quem ipse mihi fecero,

Sen. Ep. 87, 11:

pulcritudinem materiae considerare,

Plin. Ep. 3, 13, 2; 2, 5, 5:

materiam ex titulo cognosces,

id. ib. 5, 13, 3 al. (materies animi est, materia arboris;

et materies qualitas ingenii, materia fabris apta,

Front. II. p. 481 Mai.; but this distinction is not observed by class. writers).

annōna, ae, f. [from annus, as pomona from pomum].

In gen., the yearly produce, the annual income of natural products, in the widest sense (cf.:

cibaria annua,

Cato, R. R. 60):

vectigal novum ex salariā annonā,

Liv. 29, 37:

lactis,

Col. 8, 17, 13:

musti,

id. 3, 21, 6; 3, 3, 10.—

Esp.

Means of subsistence, and, for the most part, corn or grain:

annona nisi in calamitate pretium non habet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 98:

vilitas annonae ex summā inopiā et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est,

id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

uberrimus ager ad varietates annonae horreum populi Romani fore videbatur,

Liv. 7, 31:

clausis annonae subsidiis,

Tac. H. 3, 48 fin.:

provincia annonae fecunda,

id. ib. 1, 11; cf. Suet. Aug. 18:

annonae curam agere,

id. Claud. 18; cf. id. Tib. 8:

praebebant annonam regi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 4, 7; ib. 4 Reg. 25, 30; ib. Dan. 1, 5 al.—Sometimes contrasted with frumentum, as provisions in gen.: copia frumenti et annona tolerabilis rerum aliarum, a supply, Liv 35, 44.—

1.. Meton., the price of grain or other food:

quom cara annona sit,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 35; id. Stich. 1, 3, 25; Ter. And. 4, 4, 7; Cic. Div. 2, 27 fin.:

annona est gravis,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 53; so Suet. Aug. 25:

incendere annonam,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 16:

jam ad denarios quinquaginta in singulos modios annona pervenerat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 52:

nihil mutavit annona,

Liv. 5, 12 (cf. id. 2, 34:

annona vetus): annona acris,

Tac. A. 4, 6:

gravitas annonae,

id. ib. 6, 13:

in annonae difficultatibus,

Suet. Aug. 41:

annona macelli,

id. Tib. 34.—

Trop., the prices, the market:

Qui homines probi essent, esset īs annona vilior,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 140:

Vilis amicorum est annona, bonis ubi quid deest,

cheap indeed is the market of friendship, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 24:

his opibus numquam cara est annona veneni,

Juv. 9, 100.—Hence sometimes,

Dearness: cena hac annonā est sine sacris hereditas, at the present (i. e. high) market-price, at the present dear rate, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 83:

ob annonae causam,

Cic. Dom. 5.—

In milit. lang., provisions, supplies:

necessitas annonam pariter et arma portandi,

Veg. Mil. 1, 19:

annona decem et septem dierum,

Amm. 17, 9.—Hence, meton., the loaves of bread them selves, rations (in this sense only in the plur.): ceteri annonas binas aut ternas accipiebant, [p. 126] Lampr. Alex. Sev. 42; cf. Cod. Th. 7,5.—

Personified, the goddess of the yearly produce:

ANNONAE SANCTAE AELIVS VITALIO, etc.,

Inscr. Orell. 1810.

ārĭdus (contr. ardus, like arfacio from arefacio, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 18; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 74, 20; Inscr. Grut. 207), a, um, adj. [areo], dry, withered, arid, parched.

Lit.:

ligna,

Lucr. 2, 881:

lignum,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 13; so Vulg. Eccli. 6, 3; ib. Isa. 56, 3:

cibus,

Lucr. 1, 809; so id. 1, 864:

ficis victitamus aridis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 59:

folia,

Cic. Pis. 40, 97, and Plin. 12, 12, 26, § 46:

ficus,

Vulg. Marc. 11, 20:

Libye,

Ov. M. 2, 238:

quale portentum Jubae tellus leonum Arida nutrix,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 16:

terra arida et sicca,

Plin. 2, 65, 66, § 166; so,

terra arida,

Vulg. Sap. 19, 7:

arida terra,

ib. Heb. 11, 29; so absol.:

arida (eccl. Lat.),

ib. Gen. 1, 9; ib. Psa. 65, 6; ib. Matt. 23, 15: montes aridi sterilesque. Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 67.—Also, subst.: ārĭdum, [p. 161] i, n., a dry place, dry land:

ex arido tela conicere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 25:

naves in aridum subducere,

id. ib. 4, 29.— Meton., of thirst:

sitis,

Lucr. 3, 917, and 6, 1175; so,

os,

Verg. G. 3, 458:

ora,

id. A. 5, 200: guttur, Ov. [ad Liv. 422].—Of a fever:

febris,

i. e. causing thirst, Verg. G. 3, 458 (cf. Lucr. 4, 875); so,

morbus,

Veg. Vet. Art. 1, 4.—Of color:

arbor folio convoluto, arido colore,

like that of dried leaves, Plin. 12, 26, 59, § 129.—And of a cracking, snapping sound, as when dry wood is broken:

sonus,

Lucr. 6, 119:

aridus altis Montibus (incipit) audiri fragor,

a dry crackling noise begins to be heard in the high mountain forest, Verg. G. 1, 357.—

Trop.

Of things which are dried, shrunk up, shrivelled, meagre, lean:

crura,

Ov. A. A. 3, 272:

nates,

Hor. Epod. 8, 5:

uvis aridior puella passis,

Auct. Priap. 32, 1; so from disease, withered:

manus,

Vulg. Matt. 12, 10; ib. Marc. 3, 1; and absol. of persons:

aridi,

ib. Joan. 5, 3.— Hence, of food or manner of living, meagre, scanty:

in victu arido in hac horridā incultāque vitā,

poor, scanty diet, Cic. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

vita horrida atque arida,

id. Quinct. 30.— Transf. to men, indigent, poor:

cliens,

Mart. 10, 87, 5.—

Of style, dry, jejune, unadorned, spiritless:

genus sermonis exile, aridum, concisum ac minutum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 159; so Auct. ad Her. 4, 11:

narratio,

Quint. 2, 4, 3:

aridissimi libri,

Tac. Or. 19.— Meton., of the orator himself:

orator,

Quint. 12, 10, 13:

rhetores,

Sen. Contr. 34:

magister,

Quint. 2, 4, 8.—

Of scholars: sicci omnino atque aridi pueri,

sapless and dry, Suet. Gram. 4; cf. Quint. 2, 8, 9.—

In comic lang., avaricious, of a man from whom, as it were, nothing can be expressed (cf. Argentiexterebronides):

pumex non aeque est aridus atque hic est senex,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 18:

pater avidus, miser atque aridus,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 15.—

In Plaut. as a mere natural epithet of metal: arido argentost opus, dry coin, Rud. 3, 4, 21.— Adv. not used.

ārĭdus (contr. ardus, like arfacio from arefacio, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 18; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 74, 20; Inscr. Grut. 207), a, um, adj. [areo], dry, withered, arid, parched.

Lit.:

ligna,

Lucr. 2, 881:

lignum,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 13; so Vulg. Eccli. 6, 3; ib. Isa. 56, 3:

cibus,

Lucr. 1, 809; so id. 1, 864:

ficis victitamus aridis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 59:

folia,

Cic. Pis. 40, 97, and Plin. 12, 12, 26, § 46:

ficus,

Vulg. Marc. 11, 20:

Libye,

Ov. M. 2, 238:

quale portentum Jubae tellus leonum Arida nutrix,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 16:

terra arida et sicca,

Plin. 2, 65, 66, § 166; so,

terra arida,

Vulg. Sap. 19, 7:

arida terra,

ib. Heb. 11, 29; so absol.:

arida (eccl. Lat.),

ib. Gen. 1, 9; ib. Psa. 65, 6; ib. Matt. 23, 15: montes aridi sterilesque. Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 67.—Also, subst.: ārĭdum, [p. 161] i, n., a dry place, dry land:

ex arido tela conicere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 25:

naves in aridum subducere,

id. ib. 4, 29.— Meton., of thirst:

sitis,

Lucr. 3, 917, and 6, 1175; so,

os,

Verg. G. 3, 458:

ora,

id. A. 5, 200: guttur, Ov. [ad Liv. 422].—Of a fever:

febris,

i. e. causing thirst, Verg. G. 3, 458 (cf. Lucr. 4, 875); so,

morbus,

Veg. Vet. Art. 1, 4.—Of color:

arbor folio convoluto, arido colore,

like that of dried leaves, Plin. 12, 26, 59, § 129.—And of a cracking, snapping sound, as when dry wood is broken:

sonus,

Lucr. 6, 119:

aridus altis Montibus (incipit) audiri fragor,

a dry crackling noise begins to be heard in the high mountain forest, Verg. G. 1, 357.—

Trop.

Of things which are dried, shrunk up, shrivelled, meagre, lean:

crura,

Ov. A. A. 3, 272:

nates,

Hor. Epod. 8, 5:

uvis aridior puella passis,

Auct. Priap. 32, 1; so from disease, withered:

manus,

Vulg. Matt. 12, 10; ib. Marc. 3, 1; and absol. of persons:

aridi,

ib. Joan. 5, 3.— Hence, of food or manner of living, meagre, scanty:

in victu arido in hac horridā incultāque vitā,

poor, scanty diet, Cic. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

vita horrida atque arida,

id. Quinct. 30.— Transf. to men, indigent, poor:

cliens,

Mart. 10, 87, 5.—

Of style, dry, jejune, unadorned, spiritless:

genus sermonis exile, aridum, concisum ac minutum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 159; so Auct. ad Her. 4, 11:

narratio,

Quint. 2, 4, 3:

aridissimi libri,

Tac. Or. 19.— Meton., of the orator himself:

orator,

Quint. 12, 10, 13:

rhetores,

Sen. Contr. 34:

magister,

Quint. 2, 4, 8.—

Of scholars: sicci omnino atque aridi pueri,

sapless and dry, Suet. Gram. 4; cf. Quint. 2, 8, 9.—

In comic lang., avaricious, of a man from whom, as it were, nothing can be expressed (cf. Argentiexterebronides):

pumex non aeque est aridus atque hic est senex,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 18:

pater avidus, miser atque aridus,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 15.—

In Plaut. as a mere natural epithet of metal: arido argentost opus, dry coin, Rud. 3, 4, 21.— Adv. not used.

cătīnus, i, m. ( cătīnum, i, n., Cato, R. R. 84, 1; cf. Prisc. p. 556 P.; on the contr. Charis. p. 60 ib.) [kindr. with the Siculian katinon, Varr. L. L. 5, § 120, p. 35 Bip.; cf. O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 13; cf. also Sanscr. katina, vas fictile], a deep vessel for serving up or cooking food, a bowl, dish, pot, Varr. R. R. 1, 63, 1; id. ap. Non. p. 546, 14; Maecen. ap. Charis. p. 61 P.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 92; 1, 6, 115; 2, 2, 39;

2, 4, 77 al.—Also for melting metals,

a crucible, Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 69; 33, 6, 35, § 107;

for incense,

a censer, Suet. Galb. 18.—

Of things of similar form.

The air-vessel in a hydraulic instrument, Vitr. 10, 7, 1 sq.—

Saxi, a ( natural) hollow in a rock, Plin. 34, 12, 32, § 125.

tūber, ĕris, n. [from root tum, tumeo], a hump, bump, swelling, tumor, protuberance on animal bodies, whether natural or caused by disease.

Lit.:

cameli,

Plin. 8, 18, 26, § 67:

boum,

id. 8, 45, 70, § 179:

tubera... anserino adipe curantur,

tumors, id. 30, 12, 33, § 107; so id. 22, 24, 50, § 107; 26, 14, 87, § 139 al.; cf.: colaphis tuber est totum caput, is one boil, i. e. is full of boils, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 37.—Prov.:

ubi uber, ibi tuber,

there are no roses without thorns, App. Flor. p. 359, 29: qui ne tuberibus propriis offendat amicum Postulat, ignoscet verrucis illius, boils... warts, for great and slight faults, Hor. S. 1, 3, 73. —

Transf., of plants.

A knob, hard excrescence on wood:

tuber utrumque arboris ejus,

Plin. 16, 16, 27, § 68; 16, 43. 84, § 231; 25, 8, 54, § 95.—

A kind of mushroom, a truffle, moril, a favorite article of food among the Romans, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 33:

tenerrima verno esse,

id. 19, 3, 13, § 37 sq.; Juv. 5, 116; 5, 119; 14, 7; Mart. 13, 50, 2.—

Tuber terrae.

Mole-hill, as a term of abuse, Petr. 58.—

Another name for the cyclaminon, Plin. 25, 9, 67, § 115.

tŭber, ĕris, m. and f.

Fem., a kind of apple-tree, Plin. 16, 25, 42, § 103; Col. 11, 2, 11; Pall. Jan. 15, 20; id. Sept. 14, 1.—

Masc., the fruit of this tree, Plin. 15, 14, 14, § 47; Mart. 13, 42, 1; 13, 43, 2; Suet. Dom. 16.